DESTINI BANGSAKU (LEGAL DISCOURSE)

1.       There are generally two theories of personal data, namely those who perceive personal data as protection of human rights and those who claim ownership over their personal data. 2.       Those who conceive of personal data protection as a fundamental civil liberty interest, essential to individual autonomy, dignity, and freedom in a democratic civil society (Samuelson, 2000) , often view specific statutes and regulatory agencies to oversee enforcement as necessary to ensure protection of this interest (Dam, 2005) . 3.       Therefore, duty is on the states to ensure that individual’s privacy is protected (Lim, 2002) . 4.       In fact, the legal approach to privacy protection through human rights international treaty, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, was established before the rapid developments in ICTs (Boni & Prigmore, 2004) . 5.    ...

1.       Theoretically, personal data forms the individuation of each individual (Webster, 2006) . 2.       It refers to the situation when each and every person is known about and identified by a singular record such as name, date of birth and residence. 3.       Conceptually, personal data refers to the individual’s personal information . 4.       This include the personal information of an individual’s personal background such as race, religious belief and marital status; financial record such as banking, insurance and credit cards; health and medical records such as the prescription drug and Deoxyribonucleic Acid ( DNA ) ; individual’s habits, lifestyles and psychological profiles , such as, spending, reading, listening and watching habits; criminal records such as the previous convictions; education records; employment records; communications records such as itemised telephone bil...